Image via Wikipedia Financial planning often requires us to face our own certain demise – something that we often don’t want to do, but still a certainty that we all must face. Among the things that we want to do when planning for the inevitable would be to make certain that our surviving loved ones have access to adequate monetary resources to support themselves, in the most cost-effective manner. Another thing that we hope to accomplish is to make the transition as easy as possible for our loved ones. One way to do this is to convert a good portion of your IRA or other tax-deferred funds to a Roth IRA account. Here’s why: By converting to a Roth account, you will make the funds in that account available to your heirs totally tax free. Granted, your estate will also be smaller by the amount of tax that you paid […]
qualified retirement plan
Using An IRA Rollover to Eliminate Federal Spousal Rights
Image by Lel4nd via Flickr Qualified Retirement Plans (QRPs), which include 401(k), 403(b) and many other employer-based plans, are governed by federal law under ERISA. One of the tenets of ERISA is that there are certain rights for the spouse of the employee-participant in the plan. One of those rights is that the spouse must consent to any distribution from that plan that is in the form of anything other than a Qualified Joint and Survivor Annuity (QJSA). Depending upon your circumstances, this might not be the way you would like for things to work out. For example, if you’re planning to get married and you want to ensure that your future spouse doesn’t control distributions from your retirement plan, you could rollover your QRP to an IRA before your marriage – because an IRA isn’t covered by ERISA like the QRP is. A prenuptial agreement could be used to […]
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The Post-55 Exception to the 10% Penalty for Withdrawals from 401(k)
Image via Wikipedia Most of the time, when taking a distribution from a 401(k) or other Qualified Retirement Plan (QRP) prior to age 59½, there generally is a 10% penalty that applies. That is, unless one of the exceptions applies – hardship primarily, although there are others. If you happen to be over age 55 when you leave employment, there is another exception that applies. Any distribution that you take from the QRP, as long as you were at least 55 years of age when you left employment, will not be subjected to the 10% penalty, only ordinary income tax. This provision only applies to QRPs, not to IRAs. So if you’re leaving employment at or after age 55 but before reaching 59½, it can be in your best interest to not rollover your QRP to an IRA, at least until after you reach 59½. Even if you don’t need […]
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Converting an Inherited 401(k) to Roth
Image via Wikipedia One of the provisions that is available to the individual who inherits a 401(k) or other Qualified Retirement Plan (QRP) is the ability to convert the fund to a Roth IRA. This gives the beneficiary of the original QRP the option of having all of the tax paid up front on the account, and then all growth in the account in the future is tax free, as with all Roth IRA accounts. What’s a bit different about this kind of conversion is that, since it came from an inherited account, the beneficiary must take distribution of the account over his or her lifetime, according to the single life table. This means that, in order for this maneuver to be beneficial, the heir should be relatively young, such that there will be time for a lengthy growth period for the account – making the tax-free nature of the […]
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Which Account to Take your RMDs From
Image via Wikipedia When you’re subject to the Required Minimum Distributions (RMDs) and you have more than one IRA account to take the distributions from, you have a choice to make. Even though you have to calculate the RMD amount from all of your IRA accounts combined, the IRS provides that you could take the total of all your RMDs from a single account if you wish. With this provision in mind, you could take all of your RMDs from the smallest account, which would provide you the opportunity to eliminate one of the accounts in your list, thereby simplifying things. By reducing the number of accounts that you have, you could simplify the calculation of RMDs, estate planning, and just general paperwork. However, it might not always work to your best interests to reduce the number of accounts that you have. You may have multiple accounts in order to […]
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Arguments in Favor of a Rollover
Image via Wikipedia If you have a 401(k), 403(b), a (gasp!) tax-sheltered annuity or other qualified retirement plan from a former employer, you may have considered if it would be beneficial to leave it where it is, or perhaps enact a rollover to an IRA. While it might be easiest to leave the account where it is, it’s possible that you are sacrificing flexibility and/or paying higher fees in exchange for the easier path. Quite often, 401(k) plans (and other qualified retirement plans, QRPs) are restricted to managed mutual fund investment options. Managed funds often carry high expense ratios, often greater than 1% and more. As you know, if you’ve read much about index funds, it is possible to reduce most of your investing expense ratios to far below .5%, in some cases as low as .1% or less. Over the course of many years, reducing these expenses can have […]
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2012 Retirement Plan Limits
Image via Wikipedia The new limits for retirement plans in 2012 have just recently been published. The details of these new limits are below: IRA The contribution limit (and therefore the deductible contribution limit) for a traditional IRA remains the same in 2012 as in 2011 – at $5,000. The catch up provision, available to taxpayers age 50 or better, also remains the same at $1,000. If you’re a Single filer and covered by a retirement plan via an employer, the deductibility phases out when your Adjusted Gross Income (AGI) is over $58,000 and phases out completely at an AGI of $68,000. This is an increase of $2,000 over the 2011 phase-out range. If you’re Married and filing jointly and the spouse making the IRA contribution is covered by a workplace retirement plan, the phase-out range is between $92,000 and $112,000, also up from 2011 by $2,000. If you’re not […]
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Leaving Your IRA to Your Family First, Then to Charity
Image by Mikey G Ottawa via Flickr Suppose you have a situation where you’d like to leave your IRA (or at least some of it) to a family member or a group of beneficiaries, and then leave the remainder of the IRA to a charity of your choice. One way to do this is to split the beneficiary designation between your family members and the charity. This is a simple way to make this designation, but it might not really achieve the purpose you’re hoping to. Suppose you’d like to make certain that a non-spouse family member has adequate income from your IRA for the remainder of his or her life, but you don’t want to overdo the bequest with a large appropriation (and taxes on the distribution). There’s a way to do this that may fit your needs: the Charitable Remainder Trust, or CRT. The Charitable Remainder Trust Using […]
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Calculating RMDs for Various IRA Beneficiaries
There are a few different ways that Required Minimum Distributions are calculated for beneficiaries of IRAs. The two primary determining factors are: Is the beneficiary the spouse of the original owner? and Did the original owner attain age 70½ prior to death? There are two more factors that also have an impact on the nature of the calculations, although the impact is different: Is there more than one beneficiary? and Is the beneficiary a person or an entity, such as a trust, a charity or the estate of the original owner? Image via Wikipedia Spouse If the beneficiary is the spouse of the original owner of the account, and the original owner died before age 70½, then the rule is that no RMDs are required until the owner would have reached age 70½. At that time the beneficiary will use the Single Life table to calculate the distribution amount based […]
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2 Good Reasons to Use Direct Rollover From a 401(k) Plan
If you have a 401(k) plan (or any Qualified Retirement Plan (QRP) such as a 403(b) plan), when you leave employment at that job you can rollover the plan funds to an IRA or another QRP at a new job. Listed below are 2 very good reasons that you should use a Direct rollover (also known as a trustee-to-trustee transfer) instead of the 60-day rollover. Image by aloucha via Flickr A 60-day rollover is where the former plan distributes the funds from your account to you, and in order to make the rollover complete you must deposit the entire distributed amount into the new plan or IRA within 60 days. Reasons to Use a Direct Rollover You must complete the rollover to the new account or IRA within 60 days. There is little if any leeway on this 60-day period – and though it seems as if this is a […]
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New Opportunities to “Roth”
Recently one of the tenets of the Small Business Jobs Act of 2010 came into effect, providing you with additional opportunities to set aside funds in a Roth account – not a Roth IRA, but rather a “designated Roth account”, often referred to as a Roth 401(k) or Roth 403(b). Designated Roth accounts are also often referred to as DRACs – just to keep the acronym train rolling. The way the new law works is that, if you have a 401(k) or 403(b) (the traditional kind), you can roll over or convert some of your funds to a DRAC while the account is still active – as long as your plan is set up to allow in-plan distributions of this variety. The eligible rollover distribution (ERD) must be made: after September 27, 2010; from a non-designated Roth account in the same plan, meaning your traditional 401(k) or 403(b); because of […]
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The latest in our Owner’s Manual series, A 401(k) Owner’s Manual, was published in January 2020 and is available on 
A Medicare Owner’s Manual, is updated with 2020 facts and figures. This manual is available on 
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Sterling’s first book, Lose Weight Save Money, can be 
An IRA Owner’s Manual, 2nd Edition is available for purchase on Amazon. Click the link to choose the 
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And if you’ve come here to learn about queuing waterfowl, I apologize for the confusion. You may want to discuss your question with Lester, my loyal watchduck and self-proclaimed “advisor’s advisor”.