As you likely know from reading many of my articles on the subject, I have long advocated the concept of delaying your Social Security benefit as long as possible. This shouldn’t be a surprise – many financial advisors have espoused this concept for maximizing retirement income. Lately there has been a white paper making the rounds, from a Prudential veep, Mr. James Mahaney, entitled Innovative Strategies to Help Maximize Social Security Benefits. The white paper supports the very theme that I wrote about a couple of years ago in the post Should I Use IRA Funds or Social Security at Age 62?. This paper seems to have struck a chord with a lot of folks, as I’ve received it no less than a dozen times from various folks wondering if the strategies Mr. Mahaney writes about would be useful to them. The point is very clear: It makes a great […]
social security benefits
Are You Leaving Social Security Money on the Table? You Might Be, If You Don’t Understand and Use This One Rule
Note: with the passage of the Bipartisan Budget Bill of 2015 into law, File & Suspend and Restricted Application have been effectively eliminated for anyone born in 1954 or later. If born before 1954 there are some options still available, but these are limited as well. Please see the article The Death of File & Suspend and Restricted Application for more details. Many couples that have done some planning with regard to filing for Social Security retirement benefits have figured out how to coordinate between the higher wage earner’s benefit and the lower wage earner’s benefit. Often it makes the most sense to file for the lower wage earner’s benefit early, at or sometime near age 62, while delaying the higher wage earner’s benefit out to as late as age 70. This method allows for a maximization of those two benefits. If you’re really astute, you probably picked up on […]
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Social Security Bend Points in 2013
When the Social Security Administration announced the Cost of Living Adjustment (COLA) for 2013, this also allowed for calculation of the bend points for 2013. Bend points are the portions of your average income (Average Indexed Monthly Earnings – AIME) in specific dollar amounts that are indexed each year, based upon an obscure table called the Average Wage Index (AWI) Series. They’re called bend points because they represent points on a graph of your AIME graphed by inclusion in calculating the PIA. If you’re interested in how Bend Points are used, you can see the article on Primary Insurance Amount, or PIA. Here, however, we’ll go over how Bend Points are calculated each year. To understand this calculation, you need to go back to 1979, the year of the Three Mile Island disaster, the introduction of the compact disc and the Iranian hostage crisis. According to the AWI Series, in […]
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How is the Maximum Social Security Benefit Calculated?
Each year when the Social Security Administration announces the Cost Of Living Adjustment to benefits for the coming year, with similar ballyhoo they announce the maximum benefit amount available for the coming year. For 2013, the maximum Social Security benefit for someone reaching Full Retirement Age (FRA) in that year will be $2,533, an increase of $20 over 2012. In the wake of these announcements a couple of weeks ago, a reader (thanks, DS!) sent me a question: Why is it that the maximum Social Security benefit only increased from $2,513 to $2,533? This is only an increase of 0.8%, while the COLA increase indicated that benefits would climb by 1.7%? This is a drawn out and complicated situation to explain, but I think it’s important to fully understand. First, you have to realize that when the Social Security folks publish this maximum amount, they are talking specifically about someone […]
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A Social Security Option Strictly for Divorced Folks
There is a loophole in the rules surrounding how divorced folks’ Social Security benefits are treated. As you may know from other articles you’ve read here and elsewhere, if you were married for at least ten years and you’ve been divorced for two years, as long as your ex is at least age 62, you are eligible to file for a Spousal Benefit based upon the ex’s record. In addition, as long as you fit the circumstances, if your ex passes away before you, you will have access to his or her Social Security benefit amount as a Survivor Benefit. These things are pretty much the same as if you were still married to your ex-spouse. There’s one rule that is different for ex-spouses than for a married couple – and it has to do with the restricted application for Spousal Benefits. Restricted Application for Spousal Benefits If you’ll recall, […]
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Average Indexed Monthly Earnings Years
We’ve discussed the AIME (Average Indexed Monthly Earnings) calculation before, and it’s not like anything has changed about those calculations. It turns out that the calculation process can be a bit confusing (shocked? I think not). The AIME is calculated using what’s known as the “base years”, which are those years between your age of 22 and 62 that occurred after 1950 (I realize most folks needing to know about this didn’t need that 1950 reference, but it’s part of the rules, so I included it). Of those 40 years, only the 35 years with the highest earnings are used to calculate the AIME. The earnings for each year is indexed (see the original article for details) and then the earnings are averaged. One of the questions that comes up is how years after age 62 are handled in this process. If earnings in subsequent years are greater (after indexing) […]
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Why It Can Be So Important to Delay Social Security Benefits
It seems like every time I write an article about Social Security benefits that includes a recommendation to delay benefits, I get a lot of responses from well-meaning folks who disagree, sometimes vehemently, with the conclusions. There are several points of view that I see in the responses, all believing that you should start taking benefits as soon as you’re eligible: you never know how long you’re going to live; Social Security is going broke, we all know it; IT’S MINE, DADGUMMIT, THEY OWE IT TO ME; and it’s all part of a huge conspiracy; among other reasons too numerous to mention. Believe me, I have no reason to recommend that people do something that isn’t in their best interests. As a financial planner, my job is to help folks do things that are in their best financial interests all the time. Sometimes those things that I recommend run counter […]
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The Restricted Application for Social Security Spousal Benefits
Note: with the passage of the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015 into law, File & Suspend and Restricted Application have been effectively eliminated for anyone born in 1954 or later. If born before 1954 there are some options still available, but these are limited as well. Please see the article The Death of File & Suspend and Restricted Application for more details. One provision of Social Security benefits that is relatively unknown is the restricted application for Spousal Benefits. This provision allows a person to apply for benefits based upon his or her spouse’s record while delaying receipt of benefits based upon his or her own record. The restricted application is only available when three factors have been met: 1 – the individual filing the restricted application has reached Full Retirement Age (FRA); and 2 – the individual has not filed for his or her own Retirement Benefit; and 3 […]
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Additional Factors About Survivor Benefits
Seems like there is always something to learn. No matter how much you know and study a subject, it seems there are always factors that are uncovered that you weren’t aware of – and I find this sort of thing from time to time. Recently, I have been made aware of a couple of factors that I had misunderstood previously about Social Security Survivor Benefits – thanks to my friend Dana Anspach, who blogs over at MoneyOver55.About.com. Thanks Dana! Limit on Reductions to Survivor Benefits The first factor is one that I wasn’t even aware of – regarding how reductions on Survivor Benefits work in a very specific situation. The situation is when the deceased spouse was not at least at Full Retirement Age and he or she was receiving retirement benefits as of the date of death. In this situation, the amount of benefit that is used to begin […]
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SS Earnings Info Online; Plus Paper Statements Are Coming Back!
From “Why Social Security?” (1937) (Photo credit: Tobias Higbie) Remember way back in 2011, when the Social Security Administration used to send you a paper statement every year? This was a useful statement, which included the estimates of your future benefit at age 62, full retirement age, and age 70, as well as a run-down of your year-by-year earnings information. Ah the good ol’ days… Sometime in 2011 the SSA stopped mailing those statements, and instead made available on their website a series of calculators which would give you your Primary Insurance Amount (the amount you’d receive at Full Retirement Age) estimate, but little else. This calculator was nowhere near as useful, and lots of folks were upset about it. Well, apparently someone at SSA listened, because now there is a new option on the SSA website, at www.socialsecurity.gov/mystatement, where you can create an account and receive essentially the same […]
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Early Social Security Filing Examples
Most of the examples that you see indicate that filing for Social Security benefits as late as possible is the best way to go. However, this is not always the case, given that you’re receiving the benefit (albeit at a reduced rate) for a longer period of time. Let’s work through some examples to show how this works. This article will only deal with single individuals – we’ve covered spouse benefits in several other articles, it’s time to provide some guidance for single folks. Example 1, Filing at 62 vs 66 John is single, age 62, and his benefit at Full Retirement Age (FRA) has been estimated at $2,000, so his benefit at age 62 would be $1,500, or 75% of the amount at FRA. If he takes the benefit now, he’ll receive $18,000 per year for the next four years. (COLAs have been eliminated in this example to keep […]
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Calculating the PIA
WOMEN’S HISTORY MONTH (Photo credit: mademoiselle louise) In determining your retirement benefits from Social Security, as well as those of any dependents who may claim benefits based upon your record, the Primary Insurance Amount, or PIA, is an important factor. The PIA is the amount of benefit that you would receive if you began receiving benefits at exactly your Full Retirement Age, or FRA. (see this article for information about determining your FRA). The PIA is only one of the factors used in determining the actual amount of your retirement benefit – the other factor being the date (or rather your age) when you elect to begin receiving retirement benefits. So, how is PIA calculated? There are several factors that go into the calculation of the PIA. You start off with your Average Indexed Monthly Earnings (AIME – which we defined in this article about the AIME). Then, we take […]
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Working While Receiving Social Security
[Hank Gowdy, Dick Rudolph, Lefty Tyler, Joey Connolly, Oscar Dugey (baseball)] (LOC) (Photo credit: The Library of Congress) For many folks, starting to receive Social Security as early as possible is important – even if they’re still actively working and earning a living. Something happens when you do this though: depending on how much you’re earning, you will be giving up a portion of the Social Security benefit that you would otherwise receive. Up to the year that you will reach Full Retirement Age, for every two dollars that you earn over the annual limit ($14,640 for 2012, or $1,220 per month), your Social Security benefit will be reduced by one dollar. Then in the year you will reach Full Retirement Age (FRA) there is a different income limit – actually $3,240 per month. For every three dollars over that limit, your Social Security benefit will be reduced by one […]
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When to File For Social Security Benefits
Image via Wikipedia All future Social Security recipients face this question at some point: When should I file for benefits? As you are likely aware, age 62 is the earliest that you can file for benefits. By filing at this age, you will begin receiving your benefit at a reduced amount – perhaps as much as 30% reduced. Waiting to file until your Full Retirement Age (FRA) will allow you to receive the full benefit amount, without reductions. You could also wait until age 70 to file for benefits, which would result in an overall increase to your monthly benefit amount, by as much as 32% in some cases. Granted, you will have foregone several years’ worth of payments if you wait to file at some age later than 62, but on average, it all works out about the same (with a few exceptions). The way that these reductions and […]
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The Social Security Survivor Benefit – Part 2
Note: you can find the first part of this discussion of Social Security Survivor Benefits at the link. Part 1 covered the basics of Survivor Benefits, and this article covers other considerations with the Survivor Benefit, including non-spouse survivor’s benefits and coordinating the Survivor Benefit with your own benefit. As mentioned in the prior articles, don’t expect to fully understand these calculations and definitions in the first run-through. Check over the other articles (Part 1 here, Spouse Benefits here and especially the further explanation of Spouse Benefits here) for more information, and post questions in the comment section if they come up.
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The Social Security Survivor Benefit – Part 1
Image via Wikipedia In a previous article we reviewed the very confusing Social Security Spousal Benefit. That article raised a lot of questions from readers about another confusing provision of the Social Security system: the Survivor Benefit. As with all of these discussions, don’t expect to immediately understand it – this stuff is complicated, and even the Social Security staff often have difficulty explaining it. Read through this carefully, see the referenced articles for background, and then re-read as needed. And ask questions if you have them. The Survivor Benefit is not related to the Spousal Benefit, although certain portions of the article with further explanations of the Spousal Benefit will be useful to review as we discuss the Survivor Benefit. To start with, there are two benefits available to the spouse of a deceased Social Security participant. The first is a small death benefit, amounting to $255 in a […]
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The Mystery of Social Security
Social Security has become a significant part of many retirees’ sustenance, ever since it was first introduced back in the 1930’s. As the traditional pension plan goes the way of the buggy-whip and common investor behavior leads to poor results in savings plans (if there are any savings at all!), the Social Security benefit becomes more and more important. Unfortunately, the way Social Security works is a mystery for most folks. There’s really not much in the way of guidance for using the system, and relying solely on the phone representatives from the Social Security Administration is bound to lead you to a less-than-optimal result. As with most financial activities, it pays to learn as much as you can about your options, possible strategies, and the pluses and minuses of various choices that you make. A Social Security Owner’s Manual is an attempt at providing you with the groundwork to […]
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What Can Be Done to Save Social Security?
Image by Lady_Helena via Flickr This is, of course, one of the most volatile questions on the political landscape these days. We have some constituencies claiming that the whole plan is a Ponzi scheme and we should get rid of it altogether – and many others aiming to make radical tax increases in the system to improve solvency, or pushing back the age(s) for receiving benefits to reduce drag on the system. True, the system is in dire straits – not bankrupt, but needing attention. Current projections indicate that at current pace, funds allocated to the system will run out sometime around 2036 unless something changes. Increasing taxes is never popular, and current political winds have shown just how far the dream of no increases in taxes will be pushed. In addition, extending the age limits during a time when unemployment is at record highs only exacerbates that issue – […]
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Proposed Changes to the Inflation Index
Image by darkmatter via Flickr One of the many proposed changes that is being considered to help resolve the current budgetary issues is to change the index used to adjust Social Security benefits from the current method, using the Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers, or CPI-W, to a much more conservative index known as the Chained Consumer Price Index for all Urban Consumers (or C-CPI-U). (See this article on How Social Security COLAs are Calculated for more information.) Unfortunately, the reason behind making this is change is the fact that it will ultimately save money for the Social Security system, directly at the expense of the beneficiaries of that system. Here’s what you can expect: As an example, the CPI-W indicates a year-over-year increase from June 2010 to June 2011 of 4.1%. Over the same period, the C-CPI-U only shows an increase of 3.4%. This […]
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A File and Suspend Review
Note: with the passage of the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015 into law, File & Suspend and Restricted Application have been effectively eliminated for anyone born in 1954 or later. If born before 1954 there are some options still available, but these are limited as well. Please see the article The Death of File & Suspend and Restricted Application for more details. I get a lot (a LOT) of questions about the File and Suspend tactic for Social Security benefits, so I thought some more review would help. For the uninitiated, File and Suspend is a tactic that married couples can use to help maximize their total Social Security benefits. In this post I’ll try to cover some of the more common questions. File and Suspend works like this: One of the two in the couple can file an application for Social Security benefits and then immediately suspend in order […]
Sterling Raskie, MSFS, CFP®, ChFC®
The latest in our Owner’s Manual series, A 401(k) Owner’s Manual, was published in January 2020 and is available on 
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