When you sell things, including stocks, bonds, real estate, collectibles, and other items, you may either gain money or lose money from the original purchase price. This gain or loss is known as a capital gain or capital loss, and (with some exceptions) you will report these capital gains or losses on your income tax return. Often the gains are afforded special tax rates and treatment, and the losses provide additional benefits as well. This entire area of tax reporting can be confusing and there are special rules that you need to follow in order to make sure that you report these transactions correctly and pay the appropriate taxes. The IRS recently published their Tax Tip 2013-28, which details Ten Facts about Capital Gains and Losses. The actual text of the Tip is below: Ten Facts about Capital Gains and Losses The term “capital asset” for tax purposes applies to […]
income tax
Adoption Credit for Tax Year 2012 and beyond
As you probably already know if you’re in the position to seek the adoption credit, this credit has undergone some changes for the 2012 filing season. In the past, for tax years 2010 and 2011, the adoption credit was a refundable credit – meaning that you could receive the entire credit regardless of the amount of tax you have to pay. For example, if you had $10,000 of adoption credit and your tax return otherwise indicates that your tax is $6,000, you were able to claim the entire credit and $4,000 would be refunded to you. This was in addition to any overpayment you may have made on your withholding. However, for 2012 (and beyond, unless the rules change again) the adoption credit is back to being non-refundable. Now, in the situation described above, the maximum amount of credit that you could claim is equal to your tax, or $6,000. […]
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Social Security Benefits and Taxes
When you’re receiving Social Security benefits, you may be subject to income tax on those benefits. At the end of the year, you’ll receive a form SSA-1099 from the government that details the benefits that you’ve been paid, as well as the amount that has been deducted for Medicare premiums, and any federal income tax that you’ve had withheld from the benefit checks. When you prepare your tax return for the year, if you’re using a software program (does anyone prepare them by hand any more?), the program will give you a place to enter the figures from your SSA-1099 form. Then after you’ve entered all of your other income information into the system, it will calculate how much of your Social Security benefit is subject to income tax. But that’s no fun, is it? How do you know how much of your benefit is going to be taxable? Here’s […]
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Knowing which tax form to file
When filing your own tax returns, it can be confusing to figure our which form you should use. If you are using tax preparation software, most often this choice is made for you, but if you’re doing it the old-fashioned way, you need to know which form to file. The IRS recently issued Tax Tip 2013-04, which helps you to choose the correct form to file. The actual text of the Tip follows (I’ve cleaned up a few formatting issues): Choosing Which Form to File IRS e-file makes it easy for taxpayers to choose which tax form to file. Tax software automatically chooses the best form for your particular situation. Most people e-file these days, but if you prefer taking pen to paper, the IRS has some tips to help you choose the right form. Taxpayers who choose to file a paper tax return should know that the IRS no […]
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Don’t Forget to Pay Tax on Your 2010 Roth Conversion
Remember back in those heady days in 2010, when you finally had carte blanche eligibility to convert your IRA funds to a Roth IRA regardless of your income? And then there was a special provision that the IRS made available: you could convert money to your Roth IRA in 2010, and delay recognizing the income and paying the tax over the next two years… remember that? That was so cool. However. (Ever notice how there’s always a “however” in life?) Here we are, two years later, and NOW you have to pay tax on the Roth conversion that happened way back then. You might have forgotten it altogether, but you can bet the IRS hasn’t forgotten. Hopefully you didn’t forget this on your 2011 tax return that you filed in 2012 as well. At that time, you should have recognized half of the deferred Roth IRA conversion from 2010 on […]
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Choosing a Tax Preparer
It’s that time of year again – time to do your income taxes. While lots of folks will opt for the “box”, using one of the many do-it-yourself options like TurboTax, Tax Cut and others, many folks will choose to go to a professional tax preparer to have their returns prepared. There are several types of professionals who are qualified to prepare your tax return: Certified Public Accountants (CPAs), attorneys, Enrolled Agents (EAs), and unenrolled tax preparers. You’re likely familiar with CPAs and attorneys, so I won’t go into explaining them. Enrolled Agents (EAs) are enrolled with the IRS and empowered to represent taxpayers before the IRS. This type of professional must pass a rigorous series of exams to be enrolled, and then must complete 72 hours of continuing education every three years to remain enrolled. CPAs, attorneys and EAs (as well as Enrolled Actuaries) are among a group known […]
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IRS Announces A New Home Office Deduction Option for Tax Year 2013
For folks who work out of their homes, including home-based businesses and telecommuters among others, there is a new alternative available starting with the 2013 tax year for claiming the Home Office Deduction. This new method saves a lot of extra recordkeeping and simplifies the filing process considerably. In the past (including tax year 2012 which you’ll file by April 15, 2013), to take the home office deduction you are required to fill out Form 8829, Expenses for Business Use of Your Home. This form requires you to compile all of your expenses for your home and then allocate those expenses to the portion of your home that is used “regularly and exclusively” for business purposes. IMPORTANT NOTE: For your 2012 tax return (which you’re filing in 2013) you must use Form 8829 as usual. The new method will be available on your 2013 tax return which you’ll file in […]
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Another Good Reason to Delay Social Security Benefits
As you likely know from reading many of my articles on the subject, I have long advocated the concept of delaying your Social Security benefit as long as possible. This shouldn’t be a surprise – many financial advisors have espoused this concept for maximizing retirement income. Lately there has been a white paper making the rounds, from a Prudential veep, Mr. James Mahaney, entitled Innovative Strategies to Help Maximize Social Security Benefits. The white paper supports the very theme that I wrote about a couple of years ago in the post Should I Use IRA Funds or Social Security at Age 62?. This paper seems to have struck a chord with a lot of folks, as I’ve received it no less than a dozen times from various folks wondering if the strategies Mr. Mahaney writes about would be useful to them. The point is very clear: It makes a great […]
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IRA Distributions Are Not Subject to the New 3.8% Surtax
As you may be well aware, beginning in 2013 there will be a brand spanking new tax added to unearned income if your Modified Adjusted Gross Income is greater than $200,000 for Singles, and $250,000 for Married Filing Jointly. Married folks filing separately are affected above a $125,000 threshold. This surtax is to help bolster the Medicare system, and it applies specifically to unearned income. What’s important to know is that IRA distributions (among other things) are not included as impacted by this new surtax. This means that when you make significant IRA distributions (beginning in 2013), such as to convert to a Roth IRA, this surtax will not be applied to your distribution. Other types of unearned income that are specifically exempted from this surtax includes tax-free interest and other payouts from retirement plans such as 401(k) plans, deferred compensation plans, and pension plans. Income that is subject to […]
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Charitable Contribution Tips
As the tax year comes to a close, many folks are looking for ways to reduce their taxes by making charitable contributions. During December’s various holidays many folks are inclined to make extra contributions as well, in the spirit of the season. The IRS recently published a Special Edition Tax Tip 2012-15, which offers tips for tax benefits of gifts that you might make. The actual text of the Tip is reproduced below: IRS Offers Tax Tips for “The Season of Giving” December is traditionally a month for giving generously to charities, friends and family. But it’s also a time that can have a major impact on the tax return you’ll file in the New Year. Here are some “Season of Giving” tips from the IRS covering everything from charity donations to refund planning: Contribute to Qualified Charities. If you plan to take an itemized charitable deduction on your 2012 […]
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A friend at the IRS
Did you know that there is someone working at the IRS that you can turn to when you have problems with your federal taxes? There is. It’s called the Taxpayer Advocate Service, an independent arm of the IRS whose job is specifically to help taxpayers with their problems. The IRS published a tax tip (back a couple of months ago) which lists ten facts that the IRS wants you to know. The actual text of Summertime Tax Tip 2012-12 is below. Taxpayer Advocate Service: Helping You Resolve Tax Problems The Taxpayer Advocate Service (TAS) is an independent organization within the IRS that helps taxpayers who are experiencing unresolved federal tax problems. Here are 10 things every taxpayer should know about TAS: The Taxpayer Advocate Service is your voice at the IRS. TAS assistance is free and tailored to meet your needs. You may be eligible for TAS help if you’ve […]
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IRS Sets 2013 Standard Mileage Rates
For several different categories of deductions, there are standard rates set by the IRS for mileage. The deductions are for business-oriented mileage, both for your own business and for miles driven on behalf of an employer (if deductible), as well as for medical purposes, deductible moving costs, and for charitable activities. These rates are set on a “per mile” basis. The IRS calculates the applicable costs associated with driving these miles on an annual basis, which includes the cost of fuel, maintenance, insurance, taxes, and the purchase price of the vehicle (or rather, depreciation). This allows for a much more simple method of deducting these costs rather than adding up all of the costs of a vehicle and then allocating an appropriate portion to the deductible use. You can choose between using the mileage rate or adding up all of the costs for your vehicle use, but once you’ve started […]
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Tips from the IRS to Reduce Large Refunds or Large Tax Bills
Quite often in my tax practice I see very large refunds being claimed every year, and sometimes (not as often) I see very large amounts of tax owed with the tax return. While a large refund isn’t necessarily a bad thing, it can be in your best interest to reduce the amount of your refund and receiving more take-home pay every month. After all, it’s your money, why should the IRS hold onto it for a year before you get it in your hands? On the other end of the spectrum, a large tax bill when you file your tax return can cause some problems – if it’s routinely greater than $1,000, you may have additional penalties applied to the amount that you owe. Recently the IRS issued their Summertime Tax Tip 2012-22, with tips on how you can reduce your large refund or large tax bill. The text of […]
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IRS Warns of Phony Websites
It pays to be careful out there on the interwebs. You never know what you might be getting into if you don’t pay close attention to the addresses that you click on. Recently the IRS issued a warning about certain scams that have been making the rounds recently. The funny thing is, they had to issue their warning a second time because they initially posted an incorrect address. At any rate, the text of the IRS’ Corrected Special Edition Tax Tip 2012-13 is listed below: Don’t Fall for Phony IRS Websites The Internal Revenue Service is issuing a warning about a new tax scam that uses a website that mimics the IRS e-Services online registration page. The actual IRS e-Services page offers web-based products for tax preparers, not the general public. The phony web page looks almost identical to the real one. The IRS gets many reports of fake websites […]
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Errors on Your Tax Return? Here’s How to Fix Them
Often we discover long after filing that we’ve made errors on our tax returns. And too often the idea of resolving the problem seems too daunting to undertake, so we ignore it, deciding to just let things go. This can cause problems if it turns out that the error results in additional tax owed – so it is usually in your best interests to fix the error and go on with your life. On the other hand, if the error resulted in paying too much tax, you should get what you rightfully deserve (in terms of the overpaid tax.) Recently the IRS published their Summertime Tax Tip 2012-05 which details tips on how to resolve these errors on your tax return. The actual text of the tip follows: IRS Offers Tips on How to Fix Errors Made on Your Tax Return If you discover an error after you file your […]
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Selling Your Home? IRS Offers Tax Tips
With the real estate market beginning to turn around a bit, many people are buying new homes and selling their old homes. Recently the IRS published their Summertime Tax Tip 2012-14, which outlines several tips you should be aware of when selling a home. The actual text of the Tax Tip is presented below: Ten Tax Tips for Individuals Selling Their Home The Internal Revenue Service has some important information for those who have sold or are about to sell their home. If you have a gain from the sale of your main home, you may be able to exclude all or part of that gain from your income. Here are 10 tips from the IRS to keep in mind when selling your home. 1. In general, you are eligible to exclude the gain from income if you have owned and used your home as your main home for two […]
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Deducting Job Search Expenses On Your Tax Return
Searching for a job can get expensive. These days, let’s face it, if it’s not you, someone you know is on the hunt for a new job. Did you realize that at least some of those expenses can be deducted on your income tax return? Recently the IRS distributed their Summertime Tax Tip 2012-06, which discusses some of the important facts you need to know about tax-deductible job search expenses. I’ve added a few explanatory comments to help you get more out of the Tip. The text of the Tip can be found below: Job Search Expenses Can Be Tax Deductible Summertime is the season that often leads to major life decisions, such as buying a home, moving or a job change. If you are looking for a new job that is in the same line of work, you may be able to deduct some of your job hunting expenses […]
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Tips for Summer Jobs From the IRS
With summer in full swing, many young folks are working in temporary jobs for the summer. There are a few things that you need to know about these temporary jobs that the IRS (and I!) would like you to know. Recently the IRS produced their Summertime Tax Tip 2012-13, which provides important information for students working in summer jobs. I have added an extra couple of tips after the original IRS text that may be useful to you as well. The original text of the Tip is below: A Lesson from the IRS for Students Starting a Summer Job School’s out, but the IRS has another lesson for students who will be starting summer jobs. Summer jobs represent an opportunity for students to learn about the tax system. Not all of the money they earn will be included in their paychecks because their employer must withhold taxes. Here are six […]
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What to do When You Receive a Letter from the IRS
No matter how diligent you are, mistakes happen. And sometimes the mistakes are made by the IRS. Or possibly there’s just some additional information required. Whatever the case, you have received a letter or notice from the IRS. Scary stuff, right?? Maybe, but just receiving a letter from the IRS isn’t an immediate cause for alarm. Just because you’ve received a letter from the IRS doesn’t mean you did something wrong. The IRS has been wrong before, and as mentioned above, there are lots of reasons that might cause them to send you a notice – not all of them are necessarily bad. The IRS recently published their Tax Tip 2012-73, which lists “Eight Facts to Know if You Receive an IRS Letter or Notice”. The text of the Tip is below. Eight Facts to Know if You Receive an IRS Letter or Notice The IRS sends millions of letters […]
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Managing Tax Records
(Photo credit: Wikipedia) Most everyone has a monster file cabinet or file box (or dumpster?) where tax records are kept – and you find yourself wondering if keeping all this junk is really necessary… The IRS recently published their Tax Tip 2012-71, which discusses how you should go about managing your tax records. The actual text of the Tip is listed below: Managing Your Tax Records After You Have Filed Keeping good records after you file your taxes is a good idea, as they will help you with documentation and substantiation if the IRS selects your return for an audit. Here are five tips from the IRS about keeping good records. Normally, tax records should be kept for three years. Some documents – such as records relating to a home purchase or sale, stock transactions, IRA and business or rental property – should be kept longer. In most cases, the […]
Sterling Raskie, MSFS, CFP®, ChFC®
The latest in our Owner’s Manual series, A 401(k) Owner’s Manual, was published in January 2020 and is available on 
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